How Can We Help The Homeless And Should We?: Searching For A Solution :: essays research papers

How Might We Help the Homeless and Should We?: Searching for a Solution Only a couple of months prior I was with my companions Mike and Kim and we had been strolling around making some extraordinary memories in the city. We then left a store and Kim said something faintly like, "Oh, no," when I appeared to be identical heading to locate a moderately aged man with a tipsy gaze to him. She knew this man as "the town drunk" and he had been destitute for quite a long time. He approached us for the time and we answered, yet he didn't simply stop with that and tailed us over the road chattering endlessly. He was recounting to as long as he can remember story in the fifteen minutes we remained there: he discussed how he grew up living poor with his family and how he needed to be taught and experience school to get a decent work so he could live well. However, he said his folks simply didn't have the cash also, it was incomprehensible. I felt compromised as did Mike and Kim from the tipsy motions of this man and pondered internally, if this man needed to make something of his life, I mean on the off chance that he truly needed to, he would invest more energy and some way or another do wh at he needed. We attempted to leave as quickly as time permits.      But then I started perusing these articles about the destitute and it began to adjust my perspective. The paper "Virginia's Trap" by Peter Marin particularly affected me on account of the manner in which it depicts the young lady that has nothing going for her and nearly everything against her. I however about this and chose I had misjudged the entire situation of this populace and thought there must be a superior method to support these heartbreaking individuals. In what manner should we help the destitute and would it be a good idea for us to attempt despite the fact that they may not support themselves? I figure that is the most significant inquiry that should be replied in the event that anything is to be finished.      Of the articles I broke down Awalt's "Brother Don't Spare a Dime" was the one article that conflicted with helping the destitute in light of the fact that the writer believes it's their own deficiency for being how they are. The other two papers are simpler on the destitute and need to loan some assistance. In "Address Unknown: Destitute in Contemporary America" James Wright believes that helping the destitute by giving them more advantages that they will be increasingly prosperous. Subside Marin has a similar thought in "Virginia's Trap" where the young lady needs only a

Peer review for assignments about (Peripheral Nerve Stimulation by MR Assignment

Companion audit for assignments about (Peripheral Nerve Stimulation by MR inclination loops) - Assignment Example Review of the article Bottger’s paper, ‘Peripheral nerve incitement by MR slope coils,’ is sorted out into subsections with an all around plot theoretical and an end. The theoretical layouts the paper’s goal of talking about and understanding Peripheral nerve incitement that outcomes from use of MR slope curls in imaging. The theoretical likewise traces the paper’s key substance, for example, event of fringe nerve incitement, techniques for lessening the event, fitting PNS edges that the body can continue included dangers in the innovation, and impacts of the technology’s use. The creator portrays attractive reverberation as an incredible and huge instrument for imaging and that can get significant level goals without utilizing ionizing radiation. The device likewise helps in examining organ work, to research vivo science and to picture the mind. The creator likewise builds up the requirement for care in use of the innovation in light of the f act that while high goals pictures requires high quality heartbeat and incredible static attractive fields, these expansion odds of fringe nerve incitement and furthermore hazards care staff inside the imaging office. The paper likewise tries to characterize fringe nerve incitement, distinguish its causes and where it happens, and examines limit esteems for imaging and systems for lessening impacts of fringe nerve incitement. Honors The theoretical offers an extensive review of the paper and prevails with regards to conveying the article’s objective. It creates anticipation by investigation of substance feature however not genuine data, a component that can persuade a peruser into the article. The creator likewise utilizes straightforward and exact headings that are laid out obviously. Another exceptional component of the article is its accomplished believability through dependence and affirmation of its wellsprings of data. Unwavering quality of offered data is another eleme nt of the article on account of consistency of offered data to different sources. Its contention that fringe nerve incitement causes torment, for instance, is predictable with the perception that the innovation may have peevish impacts, for example, jerking of muscles on patients (Rummeny and Reimer 2009, p. 33). Schultz likewise bolsters the author’s position on reasons for the incitement, shifting attractive fields (2013, p. 4). Use of charts and tables likewise upgrades the article’s capacity to convey to the crowd. Confirmations various worries, regardless of the positive traits, anyway emerge from the article’s content as for its points and headings. A portion of the article’s content isn't steady with its headings. The creator doesn't appear to characterize PNS while the heading, ‘what is PNS?’ recommend the requirement for the definition. The crowd envisions an unequivocal or surmised definition yet none shows up. Like in the theoretic al, a meaning of PNS is important to make the title pertinent. A similar concern emerges regarding the heading, ‘what are the reasons for PNS’ in light of the fact that no unequivocal causes, aside from included instrument towards the incitement, are advertised. One of the potential reactions would â€Å"changes at the neuromuscular intersection or muscle level† (Tranquilli, Thurmon and Grimm 2013, p. 429). Critical irregularity additionally exists between the theoretical and headings, which imparts the author’

Scoptophobia or the Fear of Being Stared At

Scoptophobia or the Fear of Being Stared At Phobias Types Print Scoptophobia or the Fear of Being Stared At By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on August 15, 2019 Getty Images/Image Source More in Phobias Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Scoptophobia, also known as scopophobia, is the fear of being stared at. It varies in severity from person to person. Some people are afraid only when a stranger stares for a long period of time, while others fear even passing eye contact with a friend. Scoptophobia is often, though not always, associated with other social phobias. Untreated, the fear may worsen over time. Scoptophobia and Related Disorders Scoptophobia is a specific phobia, but it falls under the general spectrum of social phobias. Most people with this fear also suffer from such related specific social phobias as stage fright or the fear of public speaking. Some people also experience more generalized social phobia, although many do not. Some people with certain neurological conditions develop scoptophobia either because they feel that being stared at may trigger an episode, or because they fear that having an episode will cause people to stare. Epilepsy, Tourettes syndrome, autism spectrum disorders, and some movement disorders are among the conditions that could heighten the risk for scoptophobia. People with disfiguring illnesses or injuries may also be more likely to develop this phobia. Note that reasonable fears are never diagnosed as phobias. However, for some people, the fear is out of proportion to the risk. If you suffer from the fear of being stared at due to a medical condition, it is important for a mental health professional, in tandem with your doctor, to determine whether, given your particular condition, your fear is excessive and having an unnecessarily negative impact on your life. Symptoms If you have scoptophobia, you might go out of your way to avoid situations that put you in the spotlight. Some people are afraid only of large group situations, while others fear short transactions such as grocery store checkouts. Some are afraid of even such incidental contact as exchanging pleasantries with someone walking down the street. When confronting your feared situation, you might blush profusely. Ironically, many people with scoptophobia also suffer from erythrophobia, or the fear of blushing, making this symptom particularly troublesome. You might also begin to sweat, shake, experience heart palpitations or shallow breathing, and feel unable to collect your thoughts. You might feel a strong need to escape the situation. Some people with scoptophobia begin to limit their daily activities in a quest to avoid the panic reaction. You might refuse to go out alone or to host people that you do not know well in your home. Over time, untreated scoptophobia sometimes worsens. You might eventually become uncomfortable even in the company of trusted friends or relatives. Causes Scoptophobia can often, though not always, be traced to a traumatic event. Those who were bullied or made fun of may be at increased risk for this phobia. In addition, people who feel shame or self-loathing are also at higher risk. Many adolescents go through a phase of extreme self-consciousness which may include worries about being looked at. In general, however, these feelings subside within a few months. If the fear persists or worsens, however, it may be diagnosed as scoptophobia. Treatments Like all phobias, the fear of being stared at responds well to a variety of brief therapy options. Your therapist will work with you to develop a treatment plan that addresses the scoptophobia as well as any concurrent disorders. Depending on the severity of your fear and any underlying issues, your treatment may last as few as three sessions or as long as several months. Scoptophobia can be life-limiting, gradually forcing sufferers to restrict their daily activities. With hard work and perseverance, though, it can be overcome. The benefits of treatment are well worth the time and energy required to successfully battle this phobia.

Prevention Strategies of Communicable Diseases - 2781 Words

Prevention Strategies of Communicable diseases Methods of Control Communicable diseases occur only when the causative agent comes into contact with a susceptible host in a suitable environment. Prevention and control efforts for communicable diseases may be directed to any of these three elements. Communicable diseases affect both individuals and communities, so control efforts may be directed at both. Treatment of persons with communicable diseases with antibiotics typically kills the agent and renders them noninfectious. Thus, treatment is also prevention. A simple way to prevent the occurrence of communicable diseases is to eliminate the infectious agent through, for example, cooking food, washing hands, and sterilizing surgical†¦show more content†¦Impact of Communicable Diseases The gathering of humans in settlements (and subsequently cities) resulted in the development of periodic epidemics of communicable diseases, often with devastating impact. In the fourteenth century, for example, bubonic plague (carried by rats and transmitted to humans by fleas) swept through Europe, killing approximately one-quarter of the population of the continent. Epidemics of crowd diseases such as measles and influenza resulted from person-to-person transmission, and inadequate water and sewage management led to epidemics of diseases such as cholera and typhoid. Milk-and food-borne diseases also were common. Until the end of the nineteenth century, communicable diseases were the leading cause of death throughout the world. In the United States in 1900, tuberculosis was the leading cause of death, followed by pneumonia and diarrhea. Along with diphtheria (in tenth place), these conditions accounted for more than 30 percent of all deaths in the country. Major reductions in morbidity and mortality from communicable diseases have resulted from improvements in sanitation, housing, and nutrition as well as introduction and use of vaccines and specific therapies. Improvements in sanitation haveShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Treatment Of Communicable Diseases1012 Words   |  5 Pageschronic diseases and easing away from the traditional acute care model of care. Institutionalized care is giving way to medical care in the community. Invasive procedures are giving way to less invasive pharmaco-medical treatments. Neglected diseases in the least developed countries are finally being attacked in force.But one shift has yet to occur. Middle-income countries, such as Brazil, China and India need to concentrate more, as their prosperity grows, on non-communicable diseases ratherRead MoreCenters for Disease Control and Prevention629 Words   |  3 PagesCenters for Disease Control and Prevention Weam Khadim PBHE501-American Public University May 21, 2013 Dr. Shalah Watkins-Bailey Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Center for Disease Control and Prevention is a national public health federal agency under Department of Health and Human Services headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. It is division of Department of Health and Human Services responsible for managing national programs for control and prevention of communicable diseases and VectorRead MorePrevention And Control Of Communicable Diseases Essay1039 Words   |  5 PagesInfections disease prevention and control and communicable and infectious disease risks are important topics that every student nurse should be exposed to during the nursing program. The impact and threats that these infectious diseases cause an effect on society and global level should be studied. Also, the economic principles to nursing and health care that public health contributes to. Because improvements in nutrition and sanitation have been made, many epidemics have ended. As longevity ofRead MoreHistory of Public Health Essay938 Words   |  4 Pagesof the Community/Public Health Nurse Overview Public health, a population-centered nursing had been in existence since the late 1880s under the guise of different names. The focus of public health nursing was on sanitation, communicable disease control, disease prevention and disability, and education. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the history of public health nursing and how it impacts the practice of nursing in the community. History of Public Health Nursing In the past, publicRead MoreUnderstanding Evidence-Based Public Health Strategies Essay1213 Words   |  5 Pagespublic health is and describing the key aspects of public health strategies. P1 Public health is all about preventing disease and prolonging life through the use of promotions of services which are provided by the government to ensure the publics health. The NHS is an example of a service which is provided for the public for their health by the government. The official definition of public health is ‘the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through the organisedRead MoreIndia s Health Issues Of India1259 Words   |  6 Pagesmajor manufacturing country that has experienced positive progress. Despite the manufacturing success, India still faces major health issues. Some of the country’s primary health problems are malaria, malnutrition/over nutrition, and cardiovascular disease. These health concerns come from poor san itation and fresh water in different locations in India, without the proper sanitation and preventive measures there will always be health issues among the country’s people. Before we get into our topicsRead MoreCommunicable Disease : Prevention And Prevention1195 Words   |  5 PagesCommunicable disease is described as the infection which is transmitted from one person to other either direct or indirect (Smith, 2009). Communicable disease can occurs anywhere in the country, but knowing the basic understanding of cause, epidemiology, treatment, and prevention can control the infection and disease process. The basic knowledge about disease and prevention can help people to understand about how to control the environment and protect them from disease. There are multiple communicableRead MoreTuberculosis Is A Worldwide Communicable Disease1212 Words   |  5 PagesTuberculosis is abbreviated â€Å"TB†, which is a worldwide communicable disease, makes 33% of the world’s population get infected (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016). According to the study of the World Health organization (2015), 1500 thousand people (1100 thousa nd HIV-negative and 400thousand HIV-positive) died due to TB in 2014 and 9600 thousand people are estimated to have fallen ill with TB in 2014. In addition, there were 9,563 causes being reported with TB (approximately 3.0 casesRead MorePublic Health Authorities Need to Conduct Public Health Surveillance1590 Words   |  6 Pagesdissemination of public health information for assessment and public health response for preventing and controlling disease as necessary (Thacker Stroup; Thacker et al.1994; World Health Assembly, 2005). The surveillance method used for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infections in Australia is similar to these methods used for other diseases, aiming at reducing high-risk behaviors, lowering the incidence of transmission and infection. Firstly, the surveillanceRead MoreCommunicable Disease Is A Cold Disease1315 Words   |  6 Pages Communicable Disease Tuberculosis Karen Fernandez HCS/457 April 7, 2013 Monica Vargas Communicable Disease Communicable disease is a cold disease that spreads from one person to another. This disease can expose from someone or from something. These diseases are contagious and communicable. Communicable disease is also known as infectious transmittable contaminated diseases that grow from minimal infections to severe infections. Anyone can get contaminated with communicable disease with

is3110 lab 5 Essay - 1047 Words

IS3110 LAB 5 Identify Threats and Vulnerabilities in an IT Infrastructure 1. What are the differences between ZeNmap GUI (Nmap) and Nessus? NMAP is primarily a host detection and port discovery tool. Instead of using Nessus to look for specific vulnerabilities against a known quantity of hosts, NMAP discovers active IP hosts using a combination of probes. On the other hand Nessus takes the open ports into account and notifies you if these ports have potential security vulnerabilities attached to them. Nessus is typically installed on a server and runs as a web-based application. Nessus uses plugins to determine if a vulnerability is present on a specified machine. 2. Which scanning application is better for performing a†¦show more content†¦What is the source IP address of the Cisco Security Appliance device (refer to page 6 of the pdf report)? 192.168.0.1 7. How many IP hosts were identified in the Nessus ® vulnerability scan? List them. 8. While Nessus provides suggestions for remediation steps, what else does Nessus provide that can help you assess the risk impact of the identified software vulnerability? Through passive monitoring, PVS can reveal devices and software on the network that are not authorized, or that may indicate a network compromise. 9. Are open ports necessarily a risk? Why or why not? They are a risk because a trojan can be used to transmit data to an attacker. They hold a port open, e.g. Port 31337. The attacker connects to the trojan and sends requests to do a certain task, for example to make a screenshot. The trojan makes the screenshot and sends the image via the port to the attacker. On newer trojans, the port number is quite freely configurable, which makes identifying the trojan by the port number difficult. There are no control mechanisms available which can prevent a trojan from using an specific port. If a trojan does use the port 80, for instance, a novice user could imagine the program is a webserver, and may even simply ignore the port. 10. When you identify a known software vulnerability, where can you go to assess the risk impact of the software vulnerability? Nessus can detect thousands of problems, and it classifies each as one ofShow MoreRelatedIS3110 U7L1 Essay1064 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿IS3110 Lab7 Student Name: Tom Fletcher Submission Requirements Your last name must be in the filename of your submitted document according the assignment naming standard. IS3110_U7L1_Firstname_Lastname Email to: SMichnick@itt-tech.edu Due By: 6:00 PM CDT, Wednesday August 6, 2014 Note: Emails received after Due Date Due Date will be marked LATE and subject to a grade of 0 for the assignment. Please refer to Pages 46-52 of the IS3110 Student Lab Manual when working on this lab. Lab #7 – PerformRead MoreQuestions on Risk Management Controls Essay1162 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿IS3110 Lab Student Name: Submission Requirements Format: Microsoft Word Your last name must be in the filename of your submitted document according the assignment naming standard. IS3110_Lab2_Lastname_First Email to: SMichnick@itt-tech.edu Due By: 6:00 PM CDT, Wednesday July 2, 2014 Note: Emails received after Due Date will be marked LATE and subject to a grade penalty of 10% each week it is late. Pages 11-17 of the IS3220 Student Lab Manual Lab #2 – Align Risk, Threats, VulnerabilitiesRead MoreIS3110 U1L11092 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿IS3110 Lab Student Name: Submission Requirements Your last name must be in the filename of your submitted document according the assignment naming standard. IS3110_UL1_Firstname_Lastname Email to: SMichnick@itt-tech.edu Due By: 6:00 PM CDT, Wednesday June 25, 2014 Note: Emails received after Due Date Due Date will be marked LATE and subject to a grade of 0 for the assignment. Pages 3-10 of the IS3220 Student Lab Manual Lab #1 – Part A – List of Risks, Threats, and Vulnerabilities Commonly FoundRead MoreTerm Papers713 Words   |  3 PagesToussaint Chivars IS3110/Lab2 8/16/2014 Align Risks, Threats amp; Vulnerabilities to COBIT Lab 2 1. List indentified threats amp; vulnerabilities Risk Factors from Lab1 a. Unauthorized access from public Internet High risk b. User destroys data in application and deletes files High risk c. Hacker penetrates your IT infrastructure and Medium risk gains access to your internal network d. Intra-office

Dove Evolution of a Brand Free Essays

Dove should employ a strategy that takes full advantage of building an emotional connection with its target customers. Dove’s target customers are women. Women are 50% of the world’s population, and they are the key decision-makers for soap purchases in most households. We will write a custom essay sample on Dove: Evolution of a Brand or any similar topic only for you Order Now Dove has already made clear that its target is women through it Campaign for Real Beauty. Dove needs to expand on its brand image through use of the internet, including social media. Dove needs to continue to differentiate itself from competitors. Dove is not just a soap, not just a moisturizer, not just a set of products. Dove has a very important socio-political constituency it seeks to represent as a brand. That constituency is all people, especially women, who want to change the standard image of beauty portrayed in the media and develop a new and far more diverse standard. Dover isn’t about making women feel more beautiful; Dove is about making more women feel beautiful. It positions itself as the brand that celebrates women and their diversity of beauty while helping them achieve their personal ideal of self-beauty through use of its high quality products. Dove needs to continue with its bold strategy which goes completely against the grain. The strategy of portraying the messages/point of view of the consumers as opposed to the message of the brand/company. Allow the brand to become what the target consumer says it is. In other words, allow the brand to represent the unified voice of women as much as possible around the idea of beauty. This bold strategy brought Dove a lot of attention worldwide and kept it in the media, including heavy attention on the worldwide web. Regarding the internet, it is thanks to the internet that Dove’s brand image and message(s) can spread like wildfire very rapidly around the globe. The internet presents an amazing opportunity for brand managers to promote their brand to their target consumers almost instantaneously through a number of different media formats and outlets. And, it allows the customer to interact with the brand in ways that did not exist before the internet. This customer interaction is very key to Dove’s ongoing brand strategy†¦when people feel involved, they develop a greater sense of ownership of or commitment to a brand. The brand identity can really begin to represent personal identity. And, I think that is what Dove wants. Dove wants women to see Dove products as part of their personal identity because they are proud to use Dove products due to its brand identity standing for what they personally stand for. Brand strategy is the how, what, when, and to whom you plan on communicating your product or service. Having a clear and concise brand strategy leads to stronger overall brand equity — how people feel about or perceive your product, and how much they are willing to pay for it. A company or product’s brand is what customers perceive about the company/product. And, the brand message needs to be consistent whether it is sent out through traditional media or over the internet. As a tactic using the internet, Dove can use the power of audiovisual imagery to paint Dove’s brand image and share it with millions of people instantly. YouTube, Google Video, Facebook, etc are all powerful tools where people consume media, comment on it and share it. Dove should use its consumers in its videos†¦ ordinary women. And, it should use compelling stories and messages to support its brand message of Real Beauty. And, it should encourage â€Å"word-of-mouth† spreading of these images and message. In other words, Dove can tap into the power of viral marketing to boost its brand awareness and solidify its consistent brand image. Its basic message is that 1) Dove products are high quality beauty care products for women who are all beautiful in their own way, 2) Dove products supports all women in realizing and achieving their ideal personal image of beauty, 3) Dove rejects the current singular standard of beauty portrayed in mass media as too narrow and destructive to women as a whole. Dove should have contests as well as rewards for its loyal customers who engage with the brand through social media and on official Dove websites. Everyone likes gratitude. And, companies should show gratitude towards their supporters. This will lead to greater brand loyalty. And, the online involvement can be so effectively but inoffensively intrusive into customer’s lives. For example, Lay’s Potato Chips ran an incredible contest over Facebook for customers who were challenged to create the next Lay’s flavor. It was a huge success by all accounts. Everyone I knew had heard of the contest and had participated by submitting ideas or sampling the top 3 flavors once they arrived in stores. The winner received $1million. The idea and execution were brilliant. And, Facebook was the platform. Dove can do this sort of thing as well or Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube, etc. I believe video contests would be most effective for Dove because of the power of that medium to share the voice and image of women in their natural state. Dove can also even engage celebrities in this effort to boost the attention and appeal†¦ celebrity women in their natural state without airbrushing and heavy makeup. Dove already has positioned itself very well to differentiate itself from its competitors and to target a large key customer segment. It now needs to take advantage of that position and further engage the emotional connections of its customers to build great brand loyalty. How to cite Dove: Evolution of a Brand, Papers

Local, national and European economies impact on Vauxhall Motors and JD Wetherspoon Essay Example

Local, national and European economies impact on Vauxhall Motors and JD Wetherspoon Essay In investigating to what extent local, national and European economies impact on two contrasting organisations within the UK, Vauxhall Motors and JD Wetherspoon provide a interesting and informative perspective to base this on. An organisation has traditionally been defined as a group of people with a common purpose. According to this view, the organisation is a distinct entity separate from its environment. This means that if the organisations environment changes the organisations has to adapt. So in looking at economics, which is essentially an organisations environment, you need to understand what exactly economics are. The fact is economics affect our daily lives. Continually we are being made aware of local, national and international economic problems, and continually we are faced with economic problems and decisions of our own. Basically economics is essentially about money. We will write a custom essay sample on Local, national and European economies impact on Vauxhall Motors and JD Wetherspoon specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Local, national and European economies impact on Vauxhall Motors and JD Wetherspoon specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Local, national and European economies impact on Vauxhall Motors and JD Wetherspoon specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This is measured by how much money people are paid, how much they spend, what it is costs to buy various items, how much moneys firms earn and how much money there is in total in the economy. But despite the large number of areas in which our lives are concerned with money, economics is more than just the study of money. There are many areas such as the production and consumption of goods, demand and supply, which affect organisations. With this is mine two UK companies which have been affected heavily in recent years buy local, national and European Economies are Vauxhall Motors and JD Wetherspoon. They have been affected in very different ways and this report will try and demonstrate the ways in which these companies have been affected. Vauxhall Motors Firstly Vauxhall Motors is one of the longest established motor manufacturers in the world, and part of the worlds largest corporation General Motors. Founded in 1903 the company now employs 7,000 people directly, and supports an estimated 30,000 further jobs in the UK. It is estimated that approximately 100,000 people are employed throughout the entire supply chain to support Vauxhalls presence in the UK from raw material suppliers to dealership staff. One major manufacturing facility, UK parts warehouse and headquarters are located in the Luton area. The second major manufacturing facility where the Astra is produced was opened in Ellesmere Port in 1963, and in 1992 a major engine facility was added, exporting V6 engines and components throughout the world. Latest Position During 2001 car production continued at both the UK sites. As part of Europe-wide restructuring to stem losses and return GMs European operations to profitability, 2000 ended with the difficult announcement that car production at the Luton plant would cease in 2002. Throughout the year the manufacturing plant developed and implemented a strategy for a dignified end of production, scheduled for the end of March 2002. For a look at its current position please see appendix A. On the same site is Vauxhall Powertrain, which produces V6 engines for GM-Fiat Powertrain customers around the world. With increased sales volumes in 2001 the company became the leading supplier of UK-produced vehicles to the domestic market, and Vauxhall also boasts the widest range of UK-manufactured cars and vans, including Astra, Astravan Frontera, Vectra and Vivaro. Vauxhalls average total employment for the year was 8,362, excluding some 500 staff transferred to GM Fiat powertrain and purchasing joint ventures during 2001. With the plant at Ellesmere Port, Vauxhall is the largest private employer in Cheshire. Also for employees, Vauxhall have enhanced Family Friendly policies, offering a new industry-leading maternity and paternity benefit programme. Retail operations are provided by 507 franchised retailers throughout the UK. From looking at Vauxhall current position you can see its main aim to get back to profitability. (See appendix B) JD Wetherspoon JD Wetherspoon on the other hand is a fairly new company and has an organic growth in process. A 24-year-old law student named Tim Martin acquired his first ever pub in North London in December 1979, but he could never have envisaged how popular his style of operation was to prove. He is said to have been spurred on by the lack of good quality pubs in the area where he was living, he decided to take action by purchasing the outlet he drank in, which he named Wetherspoons. His first pub offered a good range of cask-conditioned beers in a music-free environment. Twenty years on, the range of beers and the absence of any music, form the twin cornerstones of the companys pubs, together with their all-day food and non-smoking areas. In the formative years of the company, Wetherspoon pubs were all located in North London. But, as the company grew, it began to open pubs across London and in the Home Counties. Following its successful Stock Market floatation in 1992, Wetherspoon began to expand rapidly. In 1994 it opened its first pub in the Midlands, The Square Peg in Birmingham, followed by others in major cities, including Bristol, Liverpool and Manchester. (See appendix C) Latest Position There are now more than 435 Wetherspoon outlets throughout the UK. The company aims to continue opening new pubs for the foreseeable future. Wetherspoon Chairman Tim Martin said: in the past 20 years Wetherspoon has grown from a single pub to a national company. However our commitment to comfortable, music-free pubs offering excellent beer, all-day food and first-class service has remained consistent, regardless of the size of the company. Wetherspoon is set to open approximately 80 new Pubs and Lloyds No.1 bars during the next 12 months as it builds on a record-breaking year. In the financial year ended July 28 2002, the companys turnover and pre-tax profits were at their highest levels ever. A total of 87 outlets opened across the UK in the year, including unprecedented numbers of Lloyds bars and Wetherspoon Lodges. (Please see appendix D) Types of Organisations There are many ways of classifying organisations: large, medium or small; local, national or international; primary, secondary or tertiary. However for the purpose of this report the best way to define them is either private, public, charitable and voluntary. Both Vauxhall Motors and JD Wetherspoon are Private organisations. Vauxhall is a larger company than JD Wetherspoon. Vauxhall has international links where JD Wetherspoon is UK based. Essentially both companies provide a service to its customers and would be considered large companies. The service they provide is very different and they dont have any link, or hopefully they shouldnt. The main thing to remember between the two from there latest positions are one is in decline (Vauxhall Motors) and the other is growing rapidly (JD Wetherspoon). Organisations Purpose, Aims and Objectives Organisations need to have aims and objectives to be able to focus on the clear direction needed for success in the modern business world. The aim is the overarching goal for the organisation, which can be broken down into a subset of objectives to achieve the aim. Business organisations aims usually relate to profit, market share, return on capital employed, sales, growth, levels of service and customer/user perception. In the case of both Vauxhall Motors and JD Wetherspoon this is no different. Vauxhall Motors In 2000 reported that the main economic challenge for Vauxhall was returning to profitability. Although economic performance in 2001 went some way to reversing the losses witnessed in 2000, a return to profitability remains the overriding economic challenge for the company. Following the launch of a record four new products in 2000, a further four new vehicles were launched in 2001 (Vivaro, Combo, Corsavan and Astra convertible) assisting sales through the year, and with the launch of New Vectra in 2002 and extensive cost saving and revenue building programmes in place, Vauxhall aims to break even in 2002 and return to sustained profitability in 2003. So using initiative and new ideas is an objective of Vauxhall to get back to profitability. But essential Vauxhall have much the same objectives as of any other company. JD Wetherspoon The organisation owns and operates pubs throughout the UK. Without the gimmies of profit, market share etc. The company aims to provide customers with good-quality food and drink, served by well-trained and friendly staff, at reasonable prices (See appendix E). The pubs are individually designed and excellently maintained. This has been an underpinning aim of JD Wetherspoon as they look to such areas of customer loyalty as a method of increasing profits. Some companies, especially pubs, have not had this in mine and there is not enough emphasis on customer service. JD Wetherspoon is said to be always committed to quality, choice and value. JD Wetherspoon has taken a simple idea that people go to pubs for good beer, food and service, in a clean and friendly environment and turned it into a major success story; one which is growing by two new openings each week. JD Wetherspoon is said to give as much back to our people as possible and have one of the best benefits packages in the business. The other major aim is to continue its rapid growth this is proving the country with jobs. Essential Vauxhall are trying to claw its way back where as JD Wetherspoon is onwards and upwards with its aims and objectives. Responsibilities Organisations have a range of responsibilities to their stakeholders. Both these organisations have many responsibilities. Social During 2001 Vauxhall developed an umbrella social policy, which summarises a number of existing policies into a single document. The aim of the policy is to communicate better with employees and the wider public on key issues to Vauxhall, including health and safety, human rights, equal opportunities, community involvement and supplier conduct. A look at the Vauxhalls social highlight and challenge can be seen in appendices F and G. Environmental Responsibility for environmental issues is delegated throughout the company, from the Managing Director, who is the main board environmental champion, to the shop floor. Corporate issues are discussed and agreed by the Environmental Issues Team, which comprises individuals with environmental responsibilities from various parts of the company. So essentially Vauxhall are meeting their responsibilities in designing schemes and methods to measure this. Vauxhall have also won many awards in this area (See appendix H).A look at the Vauxhalls environmental challenge can be seen in appendix I. JD Wetherspoon has more social responsibilities due to the area of the pub business. This is in the sense of the area of alcohol, which is not socially responsible in the first place. JD Wetherspoon is meeting its responsibilities by been profitable and providing excellent quality of service.